Deep historical links complicate Taiwan’s relationship with Myanmar · Global Voices
Filip Noubel

Footage from within Myanmar with rebel armies by Will Yang, Screenshot from Youtube channel of Taiwan PTS INNEWs.
Taiwan and Myanmar are linked throughout contemporary history as a result of a substantial Chinese population loyal to the Kuomintang (KMT) having lived in Myanmar in the 1950s, but also because both countries face China's interference on their border.
At the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the defeated Kuomintang army fled by boat from mainland China to Taiwan. But some also took a long terrestrial road from southwestern China, where many had gathered, and eventually moved to the safety of Myanmar, where they stayed for over a decade as some wanted to reclaim China from that base, with initial support from the US. The government of Myanmar does not maintain diplomatic relations with the Republic of China in Taiwan and has the support of Beijing. Yet, it also faces a growing influence of China on its northern borders amid its civil war.
To unpack a highly complex relationship, Global Voices interviewed Taiwan-based Will Yang (Chinese name: 楊智強), a seasoned Taiwanese journalist who focuses on Myanmar, which he visits regularly, and who also writes extensively about human and migrant rights and international relations from a Taiwanese perspective.
The interview was in Chinese over email after an in-person meeting in Taipei.
Will Yang, photo used with permission.
Filip Noubel (FN): You have been going to Myanmar regularly since 2015 as a journalist. How do you see the country changing in the past decade?
楊智強: 從2015年至今，緬甸經歷了民主化跟軍事政變，這世代的年輕人體驗到了民主的百花齊放以及國家無限可能，到現在緬甸陷於戰火中。這近10年裡的改變，讓不少緬甸人民從充滿 希望與期待到失落與瀕臨絕望。始作俑者是軍政府的獨裁者，放任其持續凌虐國家的是周邊國家的冷淡與國際社會的漠視。
好像什麼都沒有改變，但在短暫自由民主的幾年裡，迎來了西方的科技與資本，讓反抗軍的思維跟過往1988的革命世代有所不同。參與反抗的年輕人因為接觸過各種不同的思維薰陶，反抗的信念也更有理念基礎、更為堅定。我認為，緬甸從外表看起來是在重蹈過往幾十年的覆轍。但許多人的內心，已經有了很大的變化。這也是緬甸軍政府至今都沒有辦法完全消滅反抗勢力的重要原因之一。
Will Yang (WY): Since 2015, Myanmar has experienced both democratization and a military coup. So today's generation of young people has experienced the blossoming of democracy and witnessed the infinite possibilities of their country. But now Myanmar is caught in the flames of war. The changes of the past ten years have caused many people in Myanmar to go from being full of hope and expectations to feeling lost and on the verge of despair. The cause of all this is the dictatorship of the military government that continues to abuse the country, and the indifference of neighboring countries as well as of the international community.
It looks like nothing has changed, but in the period of liberal democracy, Western technology and capital entered the country, changing the mindset of the resistance to the military government, and setting it apart from the previous revolutionary generation of 1988. As young people who participate in the resistance are exposed to different schools of thought, their belief in resistance becomes more conceptual and solid. From outside, I think Myanmar looks like it's going through the same process as it has in the past decades. But people have indeed changed, which is one of the main reasons why the Myanmar military government has not been able to completely eliminate resistance forces so far.
FN: Taiwan has a rich history with Myanmar. One aspect is the presence of ethnic Chinese linked to the Kuomintang and Taiwan. Can you explain the history of this particular group and where they stand today in both Myanmar and Taiwan?
楊智強: 因為國民政府曾在二次世界大戰時，跟同盟軍在緬北協同作戰，當時有不少國民黨軍人與後裔留在緬北。另外，國共內戰末期，一支俗稱為「孤軍」的軍隊從雲南撤退到泰緬邊境金三角地區，並且長期駐紮在那，在當地落地生根。因為意識形態的關係，國民黨軍隊後裔從緬北以及泰緬邊境離開後，許多選擇來台定居。所以在中和「緬甸街」的聚落，大多是緬甸華僑為主。只有較少數在1988緬甸學運後，來到台灣的移民是緬族。另外，還有因應蔡政府新南向政策的關係，來台讀書的年輕緬甸人族群（華裔、緬族都有）。
有不少這些緬甸相關的人們來到台灣後落地生根，有的人當了導演、企業家、文學家等，在台灣的各行各業有長足的發展。台灣商人也看中緬甸許多發展潛力，前往緬甸開業，讓兩邊除了歷史上的連結之外，有了更多未來的發展可能性。
WY: Because the KMT Government fought against the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in collaboration with the Allied Forces in northern Myanmar during World War II, many KMT soldiers and their descendants stayed in northern Myanmar at that time. In addition, at the end of the civil war between the KMT and the CCP, an army commonly known as the “lone army” retreated from Yunnan province in Southwestern China to the Golden Triangle area on the border of Thailand and Myanmar, and stationed there for a long time, establishing deep roots in the area.                                                                                                  Due to ideological reasons, many descendants of the KMT army chose to settle in Taiwan after leaving northern Myanmar and the Thai-Myanmar border. Therefore, most of the settlements in “Myanmar Street” in Zhonghe district in New Taipei City are dominated by overseas Chinese from Myanmar. Only a relatively small number of immigrants who came to Taiwan after the 1988 Myanmar student movement are Burmese. In addition, there are young Burmese ethnic groups (both Chinese and Burmese) who come to Taiwan to study in response to the Tsai administration's New Southbound Policy.
Many people who are related to Myanmar have integrated Taiwanese society: They have become directors, entrepreneurs, writers, and have made achieved success in different fields. Taiwanese businessmen also appreciate Myanmar's potential for development and go to Myanmar to open their business. Besides being linked historically, both sides have a chance to become more connected economically.
FN: What about the political and economic relations between Taiwan and Myanmar today, given that China is a major actor in Myanmar?
楊智強: 台灣2016年在仰光設立了「駐緬甸台北經濟文化辦事處」，2021年緬甸政變爆發後，該館處並沒有被撤裁，仍持續運行。目前台灣跟緬甸並沒有官方外交關係，但開始有台商進駐緬甸。
但在緬甸內戰部分，軍政府完全支持中國的一中政策，而跟台灣民間保持友好關係的NUG政府，在今年農曆年過後對外宣布，支持中國對台灣的政策，企圖拉攏中國對NUG反抗勢力的支持。
有鑒於中國對於東南亞地緣政治介入已深，因此台灣政府在該地區的影響力捉襟見肘。但在經濟、商業、文化與教育等方面，雙方仍可以有不少交流的機會。台灣政府在緬甸扮演著支持這些民間力量發展的後盾，盡量不涉及政治，推展台灣在緬甸社會的影響力。
WY: Taiwan established its “Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Myanmar” in Yangon in 2016. After the 2021 coup, the office was not dismantled but continued to operate. Taiwan currently does not have official diplomatic relations with Myanmar, but Taiwanese businessmen do visit the country.
However, during the civil war in Myanmar, the military government fully supported Beijing's one-China policy [that prevents diplomatic recognition of Taiwan]. Myanmar's National Unity Government (NUG), which emerged after the 2021 coup in opposition to the military government, maintains friendly relations with the Taiwanese people. Yet it announced on January 1, 2024 that it supports China's policy of not recognizing Taiwan as state in an attempt to win over Beijing's support.
Given China's deep involvement in Southeast Asia's geopolitics, the Taiwanese government's influence in the region is stretched thin. However, there are still many opportunities for exchanges between the two sides in terms of economy, business, culture and education. In the end, the Taiwanese government manages to play its role by supporting the development of civil forces in Myanmar, though it stays outside of politics, thus promoting its influence softly within the Myanmar society.
FN: Tell us about your current project of a documentary film.
楊智強: 我跟紀錄片攝影師蘇威銘在今年獲得台灣「公共電視」邀請，將花兩年時間製作一部關於緬甸武裝抗爭的紀錄長片。內容會聚焦在，緬甸人民面對軍事獨裁的壓迫時，做出不同選擇的心路歷程以及痛苦掙扎。
為了拍攝這部紀錄片，我們結合了目前流亡在泰緬邊境的攝影師、藝術家與記者們，一起多次進出戰地拍攝。我們希望透過影像的力量，除了讓世界知道緬甸反抗軍事獨裁的運動仍在持續之外，也想讓世界知道，世界上任何國家在面對軍事強權的壓迫時，相對弱勢的一邊，社會中可能會出現的分歧與每個人心中可能面臨的糾結。目前這支紀錄片已經開始拍攝，預計在2026年2月1日緬甸政變5週年播出。
WY: Documentary photographer Su Wei-ming and I were invited by Taiwan’s Public Television this year to spend two years making a feature documentary about the armed resistance in Myanmar. The content will focus on the mental journey and painful struggles of the Myanmar people in making different choices when facing the oppression of the military dictatorship.
In order to shoot this documentary, we include photographers, artists and reporters who are currently in exile on the Thai-Myanmar border. We already went to the battlefield multiple times to shoot. We want the world to know that Myanmar’s resistance to military dictatorship is still going on. Besides, we also want people to see through the power of images the vulnerability and the division of a society struggling to face such oppression. The filming has already started, and the documentary is expected to be broadcast on February 1, 2026, on the date of the fifth anniversary of the Myanmar coup.