Chinese police detains a woman wearing Japanese Kimono, sparking outrage on social media · Global Voices
Ajiro Shinpei

A photo Xiao Ya has taken on August 10, 2022. Screenshot from a now censored post on Weibo.
This summer, China's online cultural warfare against Japan reached new heights after a series of Japan-related controversies, such as the cancellation of Summer Matsuri festivals in several cities. The latest episode occurred on August 10, 2022, when a police officer from Suzhou city in Jiangsu province arrested a woman for wearing a traditional Japanese Kimono while taking photos on Huaihai street, a Japanese cuisine district.
She was accused of “picking quarrels and provoking trouble,” an allegation commonly used to clamp down protests.
As anticipated, online nationalists supported the police officer’s action and slammed the young woman for offending Chinese people, yet many others have spoken out against the police’s abuse of power and xenophobia. After the online backlash, Suzhou police returned the confiscated Kimono to the young woman on August 19.
Manya Koetse, the chief editor of  What's on Weibo, a blog on China's social media trends, reposted the video of the arrest scene on Twitter:
A young Chinese woman was taken away by local police in Suzhou last Wednesday because she was wearing a kimono. “If you would be wearing Hanfu (Chinese traditional clothing), I never would have said this, but you are wearing a kimono, as a Chinese. You are Chinese!” pic.twitter.com/et8vWOferQ
— Manya Koetse (@manyapan) August 15, 2022
The young woman, under the pseudonym Xiao Ya, was cosplaying as Ushio Kofune, a fictional female character from a popular Japanese animation “Summer Time Rendering.”
As shown in the video, during the photo shoot, an agitated police officer approached her and the photographer saying, “I wouldn't have said anything if you wear a Chinese Hanfu, would I? But Japanese Kimono? How dare you, as a Chinese? Are you Chinese? You are a Chinese!” He shouts at the woman, despite her attempt to explain the photoshoot.
In the video, the police officer said her offence was “picking up quarrels and provoking trouble” but did not explain further before forcibly escorting and detaining her at the local police station.
Xiao Ya first told her friends about the police encounter on QQ space, a popular social media platform, on August 12. The post was later republished on Weibo and went viral.
She revealed that as soon as the police escorted her to the station, they seized and inspected the content of her phone, including photos and online chat records. The police also deleted her cosplay footage, confiscated her kimono-styled costume, and asked her to write a self-criticism letter of 500 words. The police interrogation lasted five hours, and she was told not to discuss the incident online. She also believes that the police had contacted her photography school to ensure she was properly “educated.”
In a separate interview with Beijing Youth Daily (now censored), she revealed that in her 500-word essay, she was told to admit that wearing Kimono was a “dangerous act.” However, she argued in the interview that the subculture of ACG (Animations, Comics, and Games) is not at odds with Chinese patriotism:
我不光喜歡二次元文化，也喜歡中國的傳統文化。2018年的暑假，我和家人、朋友一起去日本旅遊，我特意帶了漢服，在京都和大阪街頭穿漢服…當我向別人介紹漢服的時候內心很自豪，其實在我眼裡，漢服與和服都是很好看的衣服。我們二次元這個群體也很愛國。
Besides ACG subculture, I also like Chinese traditional culture. During the 2018 summer holiday, I travelled to Japan with my family and friends and brought with a set of Hanfu [clothing during the Han Dynasty] and wore them on the streets of Kyoto and Osaka… I felt pride when explaining what I wore. For me, Hanfu and Kimono both look very pretty. We ACG lovers are very patriotic too.
As of August 23, the short video, her first-person account on QQ space, its republication on Weibo, and her interview with Beijing Youth Daily have all been censored on social media.
As nationalism surges in China, young people who enjoy Japanese cultures are under tremendous pressure, and their interests are often distorted and politicised. This year, private venues, including hotels and shopping malls in many cities cancelled the Summer Matsuri festivals following boycott calls from Chinese nationalists.
Chinese online nationalists have even been spreading conspiracy theories that the kimono incident is tied to August 15 — the anniversary of Japan's surrender during World War II and the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Xiao Ya’s cosplay and her account were distorted as a political act to undermine and humiliate China’s victory against the Japanese invasion. Below is a typical nationalist reaction on Weibo:
她为什么要八月十日穿，八月十四日发，让这个事情15日发酵带节奏。其心可诛。查下她的家族吧。说不定是个汉奸家族。 ​
Why she wore [the kimono] on August 10, published the post on August 14, to let it make an impact on August 15. She has an ill intention. Check on her family, they probably have a history as traitors.
Chinese state-owned media outlets often quote this date to symbolise the victory in successfully warding off the Japanese invasion of China in 1945 with the resistance of the Chinese Communist Party.
For some nationalists, wearing Kimono is viewed as “hurting Chinese people’s feelings.” Here is one such comment from Weibo:
作为施害国家的民族服装，还在我们的特定日期穿着，招摇过市，伤害我们民族感情，我们就是不允许！！！
[Kimono] is the clothing of the perpetrator country and [she] chose to wear it on a special date in public. This is hurting our national feeling, and we won’t allow that!!!
In recent years, Japanese culture lovers are often labelled as Jingri (精日), literally translated as spiritually Japan, a derogatory term in China for people of non-Japanese descent that support Japanese imperial and military ideology. Xiao Ya is facing a smear campaign and has been labelled a Jingri by nationalist influencers, including Weibo user @raffaelloliu for showing off her Kimono in Chinese streets.
Despite these criticisms, this time, the nationalists have not successfully dominated public sentiment. Many Chinese netizens have been sharing photos of Chinese national heroes in Kimonos to counter increasing xenophobic narratives, as highlighted by Chinese writer @GaoFalin:
穿和服竟涉嫌“寻衅滋事”？！ pic.twitter.com/E3HENiKYES
— 高伐林 (@GaoFalin) August 16, 2022
Wearing Kimono is “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”?!.
The historical figures in the photos are Lu Xun, a prominent Chinese modern writer (1883–1936); Qiu Jin, a Chinese feminist revolutionary (1875–1907); Zhang Taiyan, an etymologist, philosopher, and revolutionary (1869–1936); Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Republic of China (1887–1975); Li Dazhao, a co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party (1889–1927); and Guo Moruo, a Chinese Communist Party leader (1892–1978).
Many netizens also criticized the officer's abuse of power during the Kimono incident. A Weibo user summarised the reasons behind the public outrage:
民众对于苏州和服事件愤怒的三大原因，个个都很现实:
①愤怒于个人权利被随意践踏，日式风情街，穿和服拍个照片，不违反任何法律法规，就如同穿比基尼在海滩游泳一样；
②愤怒于公权力被随意滥用，今天能因为你穿和服定你寻衅滋事，明天就能因为你开三菱车定你寻衅滋事，后天你在家看个奥特曼可能都会被带走；
③愤怒于狭隘的民族主义者如此泛滥，其实民族主义走向一种极端，就有可能成了军国主义，爱国的前提一定是合法、理性。
There are three reasons behind the public outrage:
After the backlash, the police returned the Kimono to Xiao Ya, and the censorship authorities deleted related viral content.