The presence of foreign forces in Chinese history. Historical images. Public domain.
In the aftermath of the nationwide protests against the zero-COVID policy, the Chinese government, on the one hand, pacifies the resentment by easing the PCR testing and quarantine restrictions and, on the other hand, represses protests by beefing up censorship, sending university students back home and randomly searching of mobile devices for foreign apps in the streets.
On social media, the propaganda authorities also spread conspiracy theories about the presence of foreign influence to deter people from participating in and supporting the protest action. While the narratives of foreign influence had been very effective in mobilizing patriots to intimidate foreign journalists when they are covering news in China, such as the coverage of flooding in Zhengzhou last year, and harass protest supporters on social media, such as the anti-China extradition protests in Hong Kong in 2019, this time, however, the nationalistic rhetoric is reckoned as a smear campaign against Chinese people.
The foreign influence conspiracy theories were widespread on all major social media platforms. One of the most widely circulated commentaries appeared on the party-controlled and most popular online news portal, the Headline News or Toutiao, on November 28.
热爱这个国家，是想办法让她变得更好，而不是配合鬼子们一起，想方设法让她“完蛋”…这两日，想必大家都有所耳闻了，多个地区出现了雷同的聚众闹事画风——欧美式的自由口号、港毒式的表达内容、年轻人被鼓动参与、不符合本地群众特征的“代表”在领队，甚至还有港台腔、洋面孔交织其中，也不乏西方“传教士”的身影。他们闹事表态的风格，是典型的颜色革命手法。
To love this country is to find ways to improve it, not to stand with the gui-zi [a debased term for calling foreigners] to bring down the country by all means…In the past two days, I think we all know about it, the pictures that looked like riots appeared in some regions — U.S-European style freedom slogans, poisonous Hong Kong style expressions, young people were incited to participate, “representatives” who did not look like locals took the lead, Hong Kong and Taiwan accents, western looking faces, shadows of western “missionaries”. The way they stirred up chaos is very typical of the colour revolution [movement for regime change].
Many pro-government influencers, such as Chairman Rabbit (Ren Yi), a Harvard Kennedy School alumnus and the third-generation descendant of Ren Zhongyi, a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party, wrote on Weibo:
上海连闹两天，接著北京。北京亮马桥，近使馆区；…2)口号是政治性的，特别是上海，很罕见；4）外电齐刷刷头条报道，关键外媒都到了现场；3）主题与乌鲁木齐相关，符合境外政治势力对新疆的想象。5）昨天发现，居然在维基的main page也是头条，还有一个很长的英文词条，都是第一时间出来的，有人策划写。6）全国还有其他地方出现，肯定是有所组织的；7）网上有图片，通过社交网站（如telegram）组织。…所以，肯定有境外势力参与，内外策应。有关部门应该在积极行动了。
Shanghai’s chaos lasted for two days, followed by Beijing. Beijing Liangmaqiao was near the embassy districts; …2) the slogans are political, in particular in Shanghai, this is rare; 3) headlines in all foreign news agencies, foreign correspondents from major outlets were in the protest spots; 4) the protests were related to Urumqi, which matched foreign forces’ imagination of Xinjiang; 5) yesterday I found out that even Wikipedia put the incident in its main page headline; the English entry of the incident is so detailed. Clearly, someone is behind it. 6) protests spread across the nation; they must be organized. 7) online images indicate that the protests were organized through social media platforms (such as telegram) … Hence, overseas forces are definitely involved. They have insiders, and related authorities should take action.
In fact, even at the protest sites, the protesters were warned of the presence of foreign forces. But these claims were immediately rebutted. Below is a viral video showing how a student protester lambasted the claim about foreign influence:
北京亮马桥
有学生指出，在我们的周围有境外反华势力，导致群众群情激愤；有学生回应称“你说的境外势力，是马克思和恩格斯吗！”
学生继续询问道：“请问新疆的火是境外势力放的吗？请问贵州的大巴是境外势力推翻的吗？”
我们连网都上不到国外的！我们哪来的境外势力！我们只有境内势力不让我们聚集！ pic.twitter.com/h5F7749jPX— 黑夜中的大火炬 (@renminwansui5) November 28, 2022
In Beijing Liangmaqiao. A student said there are anti-China foreign forces around to instigate the crowds’ emotions; Another student said, “Which foreign forces do you talk about? Karl Marx or Friedrick Engels?” He kept asking, “Did the foreign force set the Xinjiang fire? Did they turn over the bus in Guizhou? We can’t even connect to overseas websites! Where do the foreign forces come from? We only have domestic forces which stop us from standing together!
Many protesters have anticipated the political label of foreign interference, as shown in a Beijing protester interview in Japan’s Asaki News channel:
一位在夜里1点钟的北京街头挥舞白纸的中国年轻男性，在接受日本朝日电视台记者采访时说到：
“我可能会被说成被境外势力利用了，但我还是会接受你的采访。
这三年来我们经历了很多事情，下一个贵州新疆可能就是我。
我不能坐以待毙，不能自取灭亡。
螳臂挡车，我也要挡一下。” pic.twitter.com/cvv07yEA5m— 纵横日本 (@zonghengjp) November 28, 2022
A young man holding a white piece of paper in the street in Beijing told the journalist from Asaki News channel: “I would probably be misinterpreted as being used by foreign forces. But I will still accept your interview. We have gone through a lot in the past few years. I would become the next victim, like those from Guizhou [bus crash] and Xinjiang [fire]. I can’t just sit and wait. I can’t dig my own grave. Even if I am acting like a mantis trying to stop a chariot, at least I tried.
Many had spoken out against the foreign interference label on Weibo, but their posts were deleted. Below are some deleted Weibo posts:
认为境外势力可以一夕之间在全国各大城市组织这么大规模的活动，还发钱雇人举白纸，是不是多少有点看不起咱们国家的天网了？
Those who claimed that foreign forces organized such large-scale nationwide protests within days, and paid for those who hold the white papers, aren’t they belittling our country’s Great Firewall?
核酸造假时没有人提境外势力，老人看不上病时没有人提境外势力，孕妇在医院门口流血时没有提境外势力，破门而入转运时没人提境外势力，虐杀宠物时没有人提境外势力……现在，群众站出来要求他们依法办事，终于有人提境外势力了。
No one mentioned foreign power behind the false PCR test result; no one mentioned foreign power when elderlies could not go to the hospital; no one mentioned foreign power when pregnant women were bleeding outside the hospital; no one mentioned foreign power when people were forcefully taken to the quarantine centre; no one mentioned foreign power when pets were killed cold-bloodedly… now, when people stand up and ask them to act according to the law, they brought up foreign forces.
每次都他妈境外势力境外势力，我再说一遍：要是真的是境外势力安排中国人上街要求解封，那境外势力一个个真的都是活菩萨，所有中国人都该给境外势力磕个头。
Every time they blame foreign forces. Here I said again: if foreign forces are behind the Chinese street protests against lockdowns, these forces are goddesses, and we Chinese people owe them a bow.
Some responded to the conspiracy theory by posting historical photos of the eminent presence of foreign forces in China. These images were shared on Twitter too:
谁才是中国真正的“境外势力”（组图）
（1/3） pic.twitter.com/humXtOTqPq— 朱韵和 (@zhu0588) November 29, 2022
Who are the real “foreign forces” (image collection post)
Prominent Chinese journalist Shi-nian-kan-chai’s view on the foreign force conspiracy theory has been widely quoted and circulated. On Twitter, @wuyuesanren echoed:
我觉得十年砍柴说的对，真有“境外势力”根本不会煽动老百姓造“变态清零”的反，你们丫挺的最好封十年，然后民穷财尽、外资跑光。
那时候还有“中国威胁论”么？没了嘛。而且难民问题都没有，因为发达国家没一个跟中国接壤的。
但凡有点脑子的境外势力，都等着看您慢性自杀，等着咱圣上跟歪脖树有个约会。
— 五岳散人 (@wuyuesanren) November 28, 2022
Shi-nian-kan-chai is correct, if there are foreign forces, they will not incite people to protest against the dynamic zero-COVID policy. They should wish the lockdown last for a decade until the country and its people become so poor, and all the foreign investments are gone. There won’t be any China threat. They won’t even have to face refugee problems, as none of the wealthy countries is near China. Any foreign power with basic intelligence would wait to watch your slow suicide, wait to see the emperor hanging himself in a tree.
