Princess Barberena along with other Kriol community members. Photo taken by the author in November 2019.
Princess Barberena [1], a black Kriol environmental and feminist activist from Nicaragua has been detained [2] by Nicaraguan soldiers on September 27, along with Kriol forest ranger Roger Joseph and 16 other black and indigenous leaders, lawyers, and forest rangers from the indigenous Rama-Kriol community. The 18 activists were held in a house near Boca de Sabalos [3], in the southeastern region of Nicaragua, and 17 were released later that same night. Jaime McCrea Williams, president of the Territorial Government of Rama and Kriol, has been taken by the army and not seen since. According to journalist Gerall Chavez [4], McCrea has been allegedly taken for investigation at Boca de Sabalos.
The Rama and Kriol leaders were deprived of liberty when they were documenting environmental degradation and land grabs in their Indio Maiz biological reserve, according [2] to local environmental NGO Fundacion del Rio. 70 percent of the reserve legally belongs [5] to the Rama and Kriol, who have political territorial rights over their land since 2002. Indio Maiz is one of the two Nicaraguan reserves recognized [6] by UNESCO for its diversity. It is crucial to the Mesoamerican biological corridor. Since 2015, self-trained Kriol and Rama forest rangers monitor [5] deforestation and land grabs in the biological reserve, as state forest rangers have become rarer and rarer.
In Nicaragua, pressure has been mounting on autonomous indigenous and afro-descendant communities on the Caribbean Coast in the last decade. President Daniel Ortega planned on receiving investments from Chinese company HKND to build an inter-oceanic canal [7] through Nicaragua, thereby encroaching on indigenous land. This was met with widespread resistance [8]by indigenous communities and the wider public. The plans of a canal are dormant for now, but for lawyers, scholars, and local Rama and Kriol people, it explains [9]why the government of Daniel Ortega apparently is failing to stop deforestation in the reserve. The settlers are farmers, miners, and Christian pastors who put cattle, build communities, sell acres of land, or find natural resources to sell. Between 2000 and 2018, Indio Maiz lost [10] 52 percent of its tree cover. The Nicaraguan environmental NGO Centro Humboldt warned [11] in 2017 that if deforestation continues at this pace, Nicaragua's forest would be gone by 2028.
Kriol forest rangers. Photo taken by the author in November 2019.
The Ortega government has intensified its repression against political opposition and NGOs since 2018. During anti-government protests, more than 300 youth died [12] under the bullets of the state's anti-riot security forces and paramilitaries. Daniel Ortega is accused [13] of committing crimes against humanity. Since then, more than 50 journalists fled [14] the country and 86 democracy activists and members of the political opposition remain behind bars [15], nearly a year after 96 political prisoners were released [16]. Many have alleged to have suffered torture [17] in Nicaraguan prisons.
The indigenous and Creole communities of Nicaragua have obtained legal rights over their land through the 445 Law [18] in 2002, which lays out their Communal property regime. In the video below, Princess Barberena explains to the head of military barracks that they have legal rights over their land. This was during the detention.
Así llegó amenazante el jefe del cuartel militar de esa comunidad indígena, acuerpado por varios efectivos del Ejército, con fusiles AK para amedrentar a los líderes indígenas que intentaban documentar las invasiones de sus tierras, las cuales han sido alentadas por el FSLN. pic.twitter.com/coxwDnhZYA [19]
— Artículo 66 (@Articulo66Nica) September 28, 2020 [20]
This is how the head of the military barracks arrived at this indigenous community, flanked with several members of the army, with AK rifles to intimidate the indigenous leaders who were trying to document the invasions of their lands, which have been encouraged by the FSLN. pic.twitter.com/coxwDnhZYA
Barberena and other afro-indigenous women demand the soldiers to stop pointing their AK-47 weapon on indigenous president Jaime Williams when they took him away. According to the press release [21] later published by the Nicaraguan Army, the armed forces were doing a routine identification check on the people going through the reserve.
Una escuadra del Ejército Sandinista secuestra a líderes indígenas del gobierno territorial Rama Kriol. Aquí se observa el ademán agresivo de los militares que apuntan sus AK-47 contra el hombre desarmado y sin ningún gesto de resistirse. #Artículo66 [22] #DerechoAInformar [23] pic.twitter.com/Yf6uthU62D [24]
— Artículo 66 (@Articulo66Nica) September 28, 2020 [25]
A contingent of the Sandinista Army [Army of the Government of Daniel Ortega, leader of Sandinista party] takes indigenous leaders of the Rama Kriol territorial government hostage. Here you can see the aggressive behavior of the soldiers who point their AK-47s against a disarmed man who does not have any gesture of resistance.