How One Verification Team Worked to Debunk Misleading Information About the Japanese Election · Global Voices
Nevin Thompson

Campaign photo first shared on Twitter by Kan Hideki, Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan candidate for Osaka District No.13. The image was subsequently shared dozens of times on Twitter claiming Kan was being helped by “foreigners” during the election. Banners and placards read “Constitutional Democratic Party” and “Let's take back government for everyone.” Image source here.
On Sunday, October 22, Japan went to the polls and re-elected the government of Abe Shinzo. The snap election, called on September 25, saw the disintegration of one opposition political party and the birth of two new ones, and was threatened at the last minute by a super typhoon.
And, like in many election campaigns, there was no shortage of misleading and inflammatory information shared on social media.
To help identify misinformation, the Japan Center of Education for Journalist, or JCEJ, launched an online news verification project to highlight some of the most prominent false stories, judging them as “debunked” (フェイク判定).
In a series of short posts, members of the JCEJ verification project team identified and disproved several instances of widely shared false information that emerged during the election campaign, from supposed backroom deals made by opposition politicians, to reports of Russian involvement in the election.
One example of widely shared false information that received JCEJ's “debunked” judgement was a popular pair of tweets that claimed it is illegal for “foreigners” or non-Japanese residents in Japan to participate in Japanese elections.
One of those tweets was first shared by “Gekko3569“, a Twitter account with more than 28,000 followers that typically publishes and discusses content that appeals to a far-right audience. The tweet read:
在日外国人に政治活動を行う権利無し！
選挙運動（ビラ配りやポスター貼り演説など）も違法！
公職選挙法第百三十七条の三、第二百五十二条又は政治資金規正法第二十八条 の規定により選挙権及び被選挙権を有しない者は選挙運動をすることができない！
外国籍の選挙運動は違法行為にあたる！ pic.twitter.com/5hk2BjeOlU
— 月光3569 (@gekkou3569) 7 de octubre de 2017
Foreign citizens residing in Japan have no right to participate in elections. Participating in elections (such as leafleting and putting up posters) is illegal! According to Article 137, Section 3 and Article 205, Section 2 of the Public Offices Election Law, as well as Article 28 of the Political Funds Control Law, (non-Japanese persons) may neither assist nor hinder Japanese elections!
Foreigners participating in Japanese elections are breaking Japanese electoral law!
The other tweet that JCEJ identified was first shared by Wada Mizuki. Wada's Twitter bio identifies him as the general secretary of the Osaka-based ultra-nationalist Japan First Party, itself headed by far-right figure Sakurai Makoto. Besides leading Japan First, Sakurai also heads infamous far-right group Zaitokuai, and has been implicated in promoting hate speech against ethnic Koreans in Japan.
During the election campaign, Japan First's Wada seemed to notice that a campaign photo by Kan Hideki, a candidate of the progressive Constitutional Democratic Party, included Lee Sinhae, a journalist and “zainichi” (or non-Japanese) ethnic Korean activist who has long been relentlessly targeted by Sakurai and other ultra-right figures.
拡散希望
かん英紀立憲民主党大阪13区の選挙事前運動に李信恵がいる。
外国人が選挙に参加してる！
これあかんでしょ！ pic.twitter.com/Iv5Y0qqPLs
— 和田瑞季 (@mizuki_84) October 9, 2017
We hope this gets shared widely -
Lee Sinhae is participating in election campaigning for Kan Hideki, Constitutional Democratic Party candidate in Osaka District No. 13. Foreigners are participating in the election! This is way wrong!
After Wada claimed the Kan campaign in Osaka violated election laws, he encouraged others to share his tweet, and widely. So far, Wada's original tweet has been shared nearly 2,000 times. As a result, the image from Kan's original tweet shows up dozens of times in search engine results, along with claims that his campaign is breaking the law:
Reverse image search of the image first posted by Kan Hideki's campaign, and then by Wada Mizuki.
The JCEJ verification team found that it is, in fact, not illegal for non-Japanese people to participate in Japanese elections:
衆院選挙に関して、「外国人が選挙に参加してる！これあかんでしょ！」「外国籍の選挙運動は違法行為にあたる！」などの書き込みがツイッターに投稿されています。フェイクニュース確認プロジェクトの参加者は、 公職選挙法などに外国人の選挙運動を制限する規定はないことから、これらの書き込みを「フェイク」と判定しました。
＜フェイク判定をした記者：5人＞
During the election there have been tweets posted that say “Foreigners are participating in the election! This is way wrong!” and “Foreigners participating in Japanese elections are breaking Japanese electoral law!” Since the Public Offices Election Law places no limits on the participation of non-Japanese in Japanese elections, members of the JCEJ verification project have judged these posts as “fake.”
<Debunked as “fake” by 5 journalists>
Foreign nationals and permanent residents in Japan may not, however, make political donations or run for public office.
The JCEJ article also linked to Bengoshi Dotcom News, a legal news site in Japan. Bengoshi Dotcom News reviewed one by one the election laws identified in Gekko3569's widely shared tweet from October 7 that supposedly prohibit non-Japanese people from participating in Japanese elections.
They found that none explicitly ban non-Japanese people from taking part in Japanese elections, and concluded:
関連している法律は、公職選挙法、政治資金規正法、入管法が考えられるが、総務省、法務省ともに、「外国人の選挙運動を規制するものはない」としている。
Taking into consideration the Public Offices Election Law, Political Funds Control Law Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act, neither the Ministry of Justice nor the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications [responsible for elections] place any limits on the activities of non-Japanese people during elections.
The Bengoshi Dotcom article also reviewed the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act, which sets guidelines for when non-Japanese people may be denied entry to or even deported from Japan, and, once again, there are no limits placed on how non-Japanese people may participate in Japanese elections.
The JECJ's efforts to debunk the false information seem to be working. Recent Twitter searches for “foreigners participating in the election” (外国人が選挙に参加してる) result in many recent tweets calling out the tweet first posted by Wada Mizuki as “fake” or as “false rumors” (“dema” or “demagogi”, デマゴギー):
外国人の選挙運動は禁止されてないよ。なんだろね、こういうデマを流して気持ちいいのかねえ・・・ https://t.co/2csx3iQyW7
— 巨椋修 (@oguraosamu) October 23, 2017
Hey, non-Japanese are not prohibited from participating in Japanese elections, okay? I wonder why they do it. Does it feel good to spread such false rumors?
More information about JCEJ in English can be found on the organization's website, including principal team members, current projects and new research.