Wanna Share News on Social Media? With China’s New Rules, You’ll Need a Permit For That. · Global Voices
Oiwan Lam

Images remixed by Oiwan Lam.
China’s State Council Information Office released updated regulations on 2 May that will restrict individuals from writing and reading news stories from individual blogs and social media, including Sina Weibo and WeChat. Under the news rules, users will be required to obtain a permit before writing or distributing news on social media.
The updated version of the “Provisions for the Administration of Internet News Information Service” will take effect on June 1, 2017.
Along with restrictions on news reporting, the rules will also require individuals to submit real identity information when subscribing to a news information service.
The original provisions were introduced in September 2005 to restrict online news outlets from writing and publishing original news stories from “illegitimate” sources, in an effort to force all online portals to distribute news only from news agencies licensed by Internet News Information Service Work Units.
Despite the many layers of censorship that China is so well known for, the digital media environment has given rise to a robust industry of individuals doing serious news reporting online. The country's various social media platforms have enabled more and more independent writers to use blogs, Weibo and WeChat public platforms to write news features or news commentary. Some independent journalists or commercial media outlets have even managed to support their work with readers’ cash tips and commercial ads.
Individual bloggers who publish politically sensitive stories are subject to heavy censorship by the authorities and the community abuse reporting system on the public platforms of social media. Yet many have learned how to write reports that share important information with the public without violating political and community rules. Live-streaming mobile apps have made it even more difficult for the censors to stop live reports on time.
The newly announced provisions may curb this trend by extending previous restrictions from web portals and news outlets to all social communication platforms.
Prominent tech blogger William Long explained the impact of the new provisions on individual social media users by highlighting the amended articles in the regulations in a recent post:
第五条 通过互联网站、应用程序、论坛、博客、微博客、公众账号、即时通信工具、网络直播等形式向社会公众提供互联网新闻信息服务，应当取得互联网新闻信息服务许可，禁止未经许可或超越许可范围开展互联网新闻信息服务活动。
Article 5: Internet news information services that make use of websites, apps, forums, blogs, microblogs, mobile public platforms (e.g Wechat), instant message and livecast should obtain permits from Internet News Information Services work unit. Any Internet news Information services that are not granted by the permits are forbidden.
Long compared the old and new regulations, pointing to the broadening of these rules to all of social media:
之前原《规定》里，主要是针对网站进行监管，即网站提供新闻信息服务，需要取得互联网新闻信息服务许可，新《规定》将范围扩大到新媒体、自媒体、社交网站等，也就是说，在微信、微博里转发门户网站的新闻，需取得互联网新闻信息服务许可，否则将处一万元以上三万元以下罚款，新媒体不再是“自由世界”了。
In the old version of the provisions, the restrictions are confined to websites that provide news information services with an Internet News Service permit system. The new regulations have extended the restrictions to new media, me-media and social media. Which means, users of Weibo and Wechat have to acquire a permit for distributing news information, or else they could be subject to a RMB10,000 to 30,000 fine (approximately US1,400 to 4,300 dollars). New media is no longer a free world.
According to the provision, news information is defined as reports, comments on social and public affairs including politics, economics, military, diplomacy and breaking news. The term “Internet news service” is defined as reporting, editing, distributing and redistributing of news and the operating of distributing platforms.
In an interview with Voice of America, Wen Yunchao, a Chinese political dissident based in the US, pointed out that it would be almost impossible for ordinary individuals and websites to obtain news information permits:
所以一般個人乃至普通的網站想申請新聞信息服務許可證，我想都是一個不可能的任務。我想在這個條例下，所有跟新聞時政相關的，包括評論，包括論壇，包括內容的話，我想都會受到極大的限制。
I think it is an impossible mission for ordinary people and websites to obtain a news information permit. Under such regulations, all contents, reports and comments about current affairs and policies would be restricted.
The set of new regulations also require readers to provide real identity information when subscribing to Internet News Information Service:
第十三条 ：互联网新闻信息服务提供者为用户提供互联网新闻信息传播平台服务，应当按照《中华人民共和国网络安全法》的规定，要求用户提供真实身份信息。用户不提供真实身份信息的，互联网新闻信息服务提供者不得为其提供相关服务。
Article 13: Internet news information providers when providing internet news information platform service to individuals must follow the regulations under the “Cybersecurity Laws of the PRC”, requiring their users to provide real identity registration. Internet news information providers should not provide service to users who have not provided real identity information.
Long believes the new requirement is intended to reduce anonymous comments in news-related conversations on social media.
这条新《规定》主要是针对网民，也就是新闻的读者，对于网民的最大影响是，看新闻需要实名了，如果用户不向新闻平台提供真实身份，新闻平台不得为之提供相关服务，据我推测，这项规定主要是为了预防用户在新闻里匿名发布评论，实名之后，用户再发“违法”评论就容易抓了。
The new regulations are targeting ordinary netizens, which means news readers. The biggest impact is that real name restriction is needed for reading news. If users do not provide real identity information, the news platforms cannot provide service to them. My guess is that the measure is to prevent users from making anonymous comments in the news thread. With real name registration, it is easier to catch those making “illegal” comments.
Chang Ping, exiled Chinese journalist based in Germany agreed that the real name registration is to stop anonymous comments on social media news threads:
雖然它可能很難操作，它可能最終能管住的就是，你實名登記了，你就不能匿名發評論，而不是真正的實名看新聞…
It is difficult to implement [the real name registration of news readers], the most likely result is to make sure the readers cannot comment anonymously.
The regulations also require Internet News Information Service Providers to hire professional editors and journalists with licensed press cards for processing news stories (Article 11) and to ensure that private capital investors do not intervene into the operation of the news room.
Since 2013, Chinese authorities have mainly used China's Rumor Law to stop individual netizens from distributing unverified news information on social media. Under the law, any piece of news or information that has not been released by official government channels can be considered a rumor.
The new regulations provide additional legal ground to curb individual netizens’ rights to free speech by forbidding them from writing original witness reports, distributing news information from illegitimate sources and commenting on news anonymously.
While the regulations will be enforced on 1 June, many doubt that authorities and the social media platforms will be able to implement all the requirements:
真正实施的话，新浪微博要死，或者卖给国家，腾讯说说也不会有了，各大公众号也不会有了，朋友圈也许不算是公众，还可以幸免
If the provisions were to be fully implemented, Sina Weibo would have to be shut down or sold to the state. Tecent would be the same. All the WeChat public platforms could not be operated. Friend circles are not public, so they could survive…
等于说，大家直接把所有通讯软件都卸载就行了，否则，只要你说话，就犯法！扼杀创新，真是悲哀
It is like asking us to uninstall all the communication tools or else whenever you speak, you could violate the law. [Such regulations] is curbing innovation. So sad.
也就是说我到街上录一段视频或者直接打开直播软件就是违规了？另外将新浪科技的这条微博转发到qq、微信、或者我自己的微博也是违规的？因为我没有许可证啊，这是规定明令禁止的转载服务啊，话说现在有几个人没有往微信、qq、自己的微博转发过新闻链接或者新闻图片的？
Does this mean that whenever I record a video in the street or turn on livecast apps, I could violate the law? Or if I cross post this news to QQ, Wechat or my own blog, I could violate the law? Because I don't have permission to do so. I don't have permission, and this law states that redistributing [news information without a permit] would be banned. Who on earth has never distributed news or news photos via one's WeChat, QQ and blog?
As the implementation of the regulation would almost be impossible, one netizen believes that it is inevitable that law enforcement or social media platforms will end up enforcing the regulations selectively:
这个立法还是普遍违法选择执法了
The regulations will outlaw all kinds of online activities and will only result in selective enforcement.
It is too soon to know exactly how the regulations be implemented after June 1. But what we can anticipate is that the space for independent journalistic activities on social media will be further restrained.