This post is part of our International Relations & Security coverage.
On November 25, 2012 Catalans headed to the polls for a snap regional election. The polls were staged just two months after a massive pro-independence rally took place in Barcelona. Voter turnout peaked at almost 70%, the highest in 30 years, and the four political parties committed to holding a referendum on self-determination (CiU-ERC-ICV-CUP) got more than twice as many seats as those defending the status quo (PSC-PP-C). Crucially, both of Catalonia’s major parties – the governing center-right CiU and socialist PSC – suffered severe setbacks.
Accordingly, it appears that Catalonia is now set to hold a referendum on its ties to the rest of Spain, and that it does not trust its major political parties to steer the process. Spain, however, will not make it easy for the Catalans to vote, as any attempt to divide Spain can be considered illegal under the country's constitution, written in 1978 after the fall of Francisco Franco's dictatorship.
Cultural differences aside, many Catalans feel attracted to independence because it would provide opportunities to build a new state that is more efficient, democratic, transparent, and innovative. An independent Catalonia could be very different from today’s Spain where economic crisis, opacity and patronage politics are often denounced to be commonplace.
But could an independent Catalonia lead to the break-up of the establishment dynamics that have dominated Spain since the late-1970s? The optimists believe so. For instance, the economic viability of an independent Catalonia has been widely discussed, and is considered possible so long as there are few trade barriers. But viability is not only about having enough resources. Economist Jordi Galí writes in a Catalan newspaper op-ed translated by the Wilson Initiative:
This report [“World Bank's Doing Business”] and other similar ones, such as the World Competitiveness Report, only confirm what is evident for any business manager: the Spanish institutional framework is far from being ideal for the generation of wealth based on productivity. The building of a new State offers, therefore, a unique opportunity to start, from scratch, an ambitious and engaging process that looks to the future without being weighted down by the past.
But how productive a society based on patronage politics can be? Taking inspiration from the book Why Nations Fail by Acemoglu and Robinson, Adrià Alsina writes on e-notícies [ca] on the need to change Catalonia’s power structures:
The extractive elites control public power and the big service companies, and form a caste that takes up the country's wealth just as parasitics do with hosts. They disguise it as national interest, public service or local industry protection, but it is always the same protection of the privileges of a minority over the interest of the majority.
In a follow-up article [ca], he adds:
If Catalonia reaches its own state, it will have the opportunity of getting rid of this yoke, but it could also just replace some extractive elites with for others.
…it is this structure that we have the opportunity to change in the next years: the terrible collusion between economic and political elites that lead us to disaster. To the real estate bubble financed by para-public banks at the service of politicians and construction businessmen, to the fact that most Catalan companies still date back to Franco's times.
Some doubt this structural change is possible with the major centre-right wing party CiU leading the process.
For example, the blog and Twitter account @CiUensRoba (‘CiU is Robbing Us’), with 6,810 followers, says on its Twitter profile description:
Catalunya es mereix una independència sense lladres. CiU ens ha robat llibertats, sobirania, identitat, benestar… i ho continuarà fent!
Catalonia deserves an independence without thieves. CiU has stolen our freedoms, sovereignty, identity, welfare… and will keep doing it!
Others point out that ending corruption generally is far more urgent than independence from Spain.
@Moragasanti: Al Oasi catala no hi han Datils (pel poble, clar) Volem la Independencia, pero amb la motxilla de la nostra corrupció política A sobre? Bdia
At the Catalan oasis there aren't dates (for the people, of course). We want independence, but with that sack of political corruption on our back?
@afarrasc: Els jutges han esperat el #25N+2 x imputar dirigents PSC per presumpta corrupció La indèpendència judicial és més urgent que la de Catalunya
@afarrasc: The magistrates have waited until #25N+2 to charge PSC leaders with alleged corruption. Judicial independence is more urgent than Catalonia's
An independence process would shake the political and economic order of the region. However, it will take much more than a referendum to shake social and power dynamics. Could it be a first step?
This post and its translations to Spanish, Arabic and French were commissioned by the International Security Network (ISN) as part of a partnership to seek out citizen voices on international relations and security issues worldwide. This post was first published on the ISN blog, see similar stories here.
9 comments
Independence may be attractive to some, or indeed many, but you are correct to point out that it must at the expense of corruption, which is endemic here (probably a way of life?).
Essentially, they are hoping for a brave new Independent world, but unless they have wholesale changes, this new world will be inhabited by the same old set lining their pockets at the expense of the majority.
Sorry for being cynical, but they really have a chance to make it work, but I cannot see it happening they way they would hope.
So an independent Catalonia might remain equally corrupt? I’m not sure that’s a good argument against independence. Here’s something that would be certain with independence: Suddenly, the gigantic amount of energy we devote to trying to fit into Spain would go into something else. Probably governing the country.
Seriously, for the last 30 years, at least half, probably more of political action here has been about the tug-of-war between madrid and barcelona. Barcelona trying to gain the right to govern more of itself, and madrid trying to prevent it. Then madrid trying to undo whatever we achieved and barcelona trying to prevent it. Pushing through reform after reform on regional financing, and madrid neutering whatever gains there are by reducing the same amount in infrastructure investment. And in the process making us all sick of each other. Spending 4 years in an ordeal trying to rewrite a statute of autonomy that’s finally cut down by an illegitimate court of expired and dead judges, to the glee of half of spain and indifference of the other half. And then the new spanish government going ahead and ignoring even the scraps of that pathetic statute.
That has been the past of catalonia in democratic spain. For 30 years we have failed to change it, so it seems that is also the only possible future of catalonia in democratic spain. An unwinnable tug of war where we will nonetheless never surrender.
Imagine if that tug of war didn’t exist. Would we finally rid ourselves from corruption? Spoiler: No. But we might be able to diminish it. At least most rather than a few of headlines in newspapers would be about the actions of our politicians instead of about the state of the catalan problem. At least the discourse would be about how to best govern the country, not about defending our ability to do so.
What will happen to la liga if Barcelona is no longer part of Spain? What will messi and the rest of the club do with only a handful of actual teams in catalunia?
Futbol Club Barcelona is the best team in the world today. I am sure they will no be lacking for opponents to want to play against them in the world. The world does not end outside of Spain, it ends WITHIN IT.
Spain oppresses Catalonia, Spain is democratically immature as they don’t accept the RIGHT of any people to choose their own destiny, this right is stated in the people’s rights letter of United Nations. Holding a referendum is democracy and Spain forbids it…
Spain is still in Franco’s era… shameful.