Ayesha Siddiqa at Pak Tea House comments on the ideology of the Pakistan army and the civil society at large: “the country’s ruling elite and the military have traditionally used a particular aspect of religion to gain strategic dividends. While they can conveniently claim to have retained their secularism and saved one organisation from turning ideological, a similar claim might not be made for society at large.”
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Pakistan has the same difficulty as many other governments that represent Islamic populations.
Islam has many of the functions of a nation-state that many Muslims still believe in. Many of these functions override the government, particularly regarding loyalty. The army is badly divided along these lines as well. This is not uncommon throughout the Muslim world.