China: Italian journalist inspires
Earlier this month when Chinese state-owned news agency Xinhua forbid mainland news media from printing foreign news agency content not purchased directly from Xinhua itself, there was lots to be said from the blogsphere. Here [zh] is journalist-blogger X Marden's take:
新华社之声誉
Voice of Xinhua
《外国通讯社在中国境内发布新闻信息管理办法》，为业界所鄙视。本以为新华社之用心，实乃”司马昭之心，路人皆知”。不料还有网友在blog为新华社”申冤诉苦”，认为其扮演”网络警察”之职能败坏国际声誉。某中央媒体极力撇清与”未签约色鬼导演”的关系，刘同学对此不以为然：他们以为自己还有声誉可以维护么？是的，新华社还有什么声誉需要维护的么？
新华社一直都在致力于堵塞国内新闻机构与外国媒体机构的合作通路，他们去年还专程来广州与各报社”沟通”，或者恫吓称自行采集国外媒体新闻报道是违规操作，强调应该向他们购买特稿服务——可惜得很，新华社驻地记者发回的很多文章，其实都是文抄公，不论国内驻地记者还是驻外记者，概莫能外。
虽然遭遇长期的封堵与恫吓，国内媒体仍然引用或直接编译国外媒体报道不误，毕竟”制度”漏洞不少。
Despite facing long-term censure and bullying, mainland media continue to quote or directly translate foreign media reports with no consequences. After all, the holes in the “system” are not few.
Despite—or perhaps partially due to—the numerous restrictions Chinese journalists have to work around, they are still very clear as to what kind of journalism they would like to be doing, and they eagerly cross the lines when given a chance. But what would Chinese journalism look like if all the censorship laws were dropped overnight? With the death of an industry hero last week and a look at several journalists’ blogs, we are given a bit of insight:
偶像死了
My Idol Is Dead
这一次，是我的偶像死了。
9月14日晚间，76岁的奥里亚娜·法拉奇在佛罗伦萨病逝。从书架上取下《风云人物采访记》（原书名《采访历史》），这些发表于我刚刚出生年代的访谈报道，让我产生对纪录和观察本身的无法停止的好奇，也是我真正的第一本的新闻学教科书。对于她所采访的所有风云人物，她的追问——“他们在掌权时和不掌权时是怎样左右我们的命运的”，至今仍是我从业的信条之一，深深影响了我的新闻观。
On the evening of September 14, seventy-six year-old Oriana Fallaci passed away from sickness in Florence. I took Interview With History down off the bookshelf. These interview reports, published back in the years just after my birth, which created in me an unstoppable curiosity towards records and observations, were my first course material way back in journalism school. Her question, asked of all the big names she'd interviewed—”How they, in and out of power, influence our fates”—which to this day remains an article of faith for my profession, has deeply influenced my opinion of news.
我从她的提问里学习如何提问，如何做一名好记者。她的第一个问题总是那么令采访对象坐立不安——
[采访基辛格]基辛格博士，我在猜想您这几天的感受。我想知道您是否也像我们以及世界上大部分人一样感到失望。您失望吗？基辛格先生？
[采访阮文绍]总统先生，今天，在您和美国人之间与其说存在着友谊，莫如说存在着敌意，这已经不再是个秘密了。10月，您拒绝基辛格所接受的协议时采取了强硬的态度；圣诞节期间，您在接见黑格将军时采取了冷漠的态度。凡此种种都表明你们已经到了短兵相接的地步。人们纷纷在问，阮文绍是如何看待这一悲剧的。
[采访哈巴什]哈巴什大夫，你们的阵线擅长于搞恐怖主义行动。而很多这样的行动发生在欧洲。为什么你们要把不属于我们的战争强加于我们？你们的准则是什么？你们有什么权利？
[Interviewing Kissinger] “Dr. Kissinger, I've been trying to guess your experiences of the last few days. I'd like to know whether or not you feel disappointed like most of the rest of us here on earth. Are you disappointed? Mr. Kissinger?”
[Interviewing Nguyen Van Thieu] Mr. President, today, in the friendship that you said exists between you and Americans, it would be more accurate to say that hostility exists. This is already not a secret. In October, you rejected Kissinger's hard stance taken during deliberations. At Xmas, when you met with General Haig, you took a very cold stance. These all suggest that you have already arrived at the point of battle. One-by-one, people are asking, ‘how does Nguyen view this comedy.’
[Interviewing Habash] Doctor Habash, your Front specializes in carrying out terrorist activity. And many of these activities have taken place in Europe. Why are you forcing upon us a battle that doesn't belong to us? What are your criterion? What right do you have?
[采访约旦的侯赛因]陛下，谁在约旦说话算数？在关卡，站着巴勒斯坦的游击队；在边界上，巴勒斯坦游击队在进攻；在村庄里，巴勒斯坦游击队决定一切。说他们建立了国中之国已不再是荒谬可笑的了。
[采访英迪拉·甘地]甘地夫人，我有许多问题要向您提出，有涉及您个人的，也有涉及政治性的。涉及您个人的问题我后面再提出，等我弄明白了为什么许多人害怕您，说您对人冷淡，甚至冷酷、难处后，再向您提出。
[采访班达拉奈克夫人]班达拉奈克夫人，从锡兰发生暴乱到现在已经整整4个月了，但是在很多地区斗争还在继续，整个岛上还实行宵禁。紧急状态没有要结束的迹象，除了惴惴不安外，人们都在苦恼地等待着另一场血洗。夫人，我要向您一个谁都想问您的问题：这一切怎么可能发生在一个由左派政府，甚至是一个社会主义政府支撑的国家里？
[采访海尔·塞拉西]陛下，自从我见到那些穷人追逐在您的后面，为了得到价值240里拉的一张纸币而互相撕打的情景时起，有一个问题一直使我感到不安。陛下，您在向自己的臣民施舍时有什么感觉？在他们的贫穷面前，您又有什么感觉？
[Interviewing Indira Gandhi] Doctor Gandhi, I have many questions I want to ask you, some of which are personal, some political. The personal questions I will ask later, after I figure out why so many people are afraid of you, say you're very cold and hard when it comes to dealing with others. After the difficult part, I'll ask you again.
[Interviewing Bandaranaike] Mrs. Bandaranaike, it's already been four months since the rebellions in Ceylon, but fighting continues in many regions and the whole island is still under curfew. The state of emergency has no signs of ending; aside from being extremely anxious, people are just painfully waiting for the next bloodbath. Madam, I'd like to ask you the question that everyone wants to ask you: how could all this happen under a left-wing government? Especially in a country supportive of a socialist government?
[Interviewing Haile Selassie] Your Majesty, ever since I saw those poor people chasing behind you, tearing at each other just to get a bill worth 240 lira, I've had a question that's left me feeling uncomfortable ever since. Your Majesty, how do you feel when you give handouts to your own subjects? And faced with their poverty, how does that make you feel?
法拉奇真正成为了历史
意大利女记者法拉奇因病去世享年77岁 她的提问收入《邓小平文选》
15日，曾采访过邓小平的意大利著名女记者奥琳埃娜·法拉奇在家乡佛罗伦萨的一家医院去世，享年77岁。此前几年她一直饱受癌症困扰。
每个新闻学院的学生都被要求读法拉奇的作品，研究她的采访技巧。我今天把这个消息告诉同学时，有人惊讶地说：“她现在才去世。”这绝不是在贬损她，而是因为她是一个被写进很多新闻教科书的人物，而她的作品大多有关上世纪中期的事情，这让人有一个错觉：“她已经是一个历史人物了”。而现在，她真正的成为过去的一个历史人物了。
她的感情经历真让人感叹，一个见过世间百态的“女强人”，一个让无数政坛上的男人们敬畏三分的男人，却被一个身边的男人打败，都是因为爱情。
Female Italian journalist Fallaci has passed away from illness at the age of 77. Her questions were included in Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping
On the 15th, female Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci, who once interviewed Deng Xiaoping, passed away in a hospital in her hometown of Florence, aged 77. For the several years prior to this, she had been suffering from cancer.
Every journalism school student has been required to read Fallaci's works and research her interviewing techniques. When I broke the news to some classmates today, someone shockingly said, “she only died now?” This definitely was not to disparage her, but because she's someone who's been written into so many journalism textbooks and most of her works pertain to events from the middle of last century, this gives one the misperception that she was already a historical figure. But now, she really has become a historical figure of the past.
Her emotional experiences really blow one away, a strong woman who lived a hundred lives, revered by countless men on the world stage but beaten by the men in her life, all for love.
想成为一个好记者的人，不应该只注意法拉奇采访过多少政要，而更应该看看她面对过多少险恶，以及她是如何面对这些险恶的。
欧洲的良心死了
法拉奇死了。9月14日，意大利弗洛伦萨，一家私人诊所。法拉奇死了。76年前，法拉奇在这里诞生。
这个星球上，最优秀的记者死了。连同她的反抗和浪漫，连同她追索一生的反暴政、反独裁的努力，都死了。
法拉奇1米55，但是她说：“你曾经渴望战斗，你现在仍然斗志昂扬吗？好的，就我自己而言，一息尚存，就要战斗。”现在，法拉奇可以停止她一生的战斗了。
在我的青春时代，我读到法拉奇的《给一个未出生的孩子的信》，她说：“如果你生为一个男人，我希望你成为那种我经常梦想的男子汉：对弱者赋予同情，对傲慢者给予轻蔑；对那些爱你的人抱以宽宏大量的气度，与那些想支配你的人作殊死的斗争。最后，你会明白，那位告诉你耶稣是天父、圣灵之子的人的敌人不可能是曾经给予过他们生命的女人。”
然而，法拉奇死了。
愿你的灵魂在天国能享有和在尘世一样的骄傲，愿你的思想在天国依然保持灼人的光亮，愿你的愤怒、呐喊在天国可以变成歌颂美的吟唱。
愿你安息。
Fallaci is dead. September 14, Florence, Italy, a private clinic. Fallaci died. Seventy-six years ago, Fallaci was born here. The best journalist on this planet has died. Her defiance and romanticism, her life of anti-tyranny scoop-chasing, work in opposing dictatorships, have all died along with her.
Fallaci stood just 155 cm tall, but as she said, ‘you once thirsted for war; do you still have the spirits to fight now? Fine, but I have to say, as long as there's breath left in my body, I'll still be fighting.’ Now, Fallaci can stop her lifelong battle.
In my youth, I read Fallaci's Letter To A Child Never Born. In it she said, ‘if you're born a boy, I hope you turn out to be the kind of man I often see in my dreams: sympathetic to the weak, disdainful of the arrogant, generous to those who love you, struggling life-or-death against those who dominate you. Finally, you will understand that anyone who tells you that Jesus is the enemy of the people of the Lord and the Holy Spirit is a woman who could never possibly have given birth to one of them.’
However, Fallaci has died.
May your soul be as proud in paradise as it was on earth. May your thoughts go on burning brightly in heaven. May your shouts and fury become hymns praising beauty in heaven.
May you rest in peace.
今天，她死了，死于乳腺癌。
在接受完手术之后，她坚持要看一眼手术中摘除的肿瘤，大夫说，从来没有人要求看自己布满了癌细胞的血肉，她说“它是我的肌体，我想看一眼”
于是他们把它拿进来，它是一块又长又白的东西，她开始对它说话“你这个可恶的王八蛋”
她恨它.
她接着羞辱它“你不敢再回来了。你在我身体里留下孩子了吗？我要杀了你！我要杀了你！你赢不了的！”
那些医生看着这个场面，喃喃地说“哦，上帝…’
After undergoing surgery, she insisted on seeing the tumor extracted during the operation. The doctor said nobody had ever requested to see their own cancer-ridden flesh.
She said, “it's my body, I want a look”
And then they brought it in, it was both long and white. She started saying to it, ‘you despicable bastard”
She hated it.
She kept going, “don't you even think about coming back. Did you leave any babies in my body? I want to kill you! I want to kill you! You won't win!”
When the doctors saw this spectacle they muttered, “Oh Lord…”
二
二战中，当美国飞机轰炸佛罗伦萨的时候，她还是个小孩子，蜷缩在一个煤箱里，因为恐惧而放声大哭，她父亲非常生气，狠狠地掴了她一耳光，说：“女孩子是不哭的。”“生活就是严峻的历险，学得越快越好，我永远忘不了那记耳光，对我来说，它就象一个吻。”
During WWII, when American planes were bombing Florence, she was just a little child, stowed away inside a coalbox, crying so loudly out of fear her parents got angry and smacked her roughly, saying, “girls do not cry.”
三
22岁的时候，她已经是个明星式的记者，因为她从不认为自己只是个记者，“想想吉卜林，杰克伦敦，和海明威，他们是被新闻界借去的作家”
在伊朗裹着黑色大长巾冒险进入只允许穆斯林入内的赛帕萨拉清真寺，描写了在禁区做祈祷的教徒样子之后，不客气地用讥诮的方式批评“我以为他们在做瑞典式肌肉关节体操”。她采访皇室成员的时候，记者们要求她召开记者招待会，第二天报纸的标题是《她让皇后等待》。
但是她的编辑解雇了她，因为他要求她就某个政治集会写一篇讽刺性报道，而她坚持不能抱有偏见“首先得让我听听他会说什么，我将基于他的演说来写”
“没有必要”
“那我就不写”
两小时后，她收到解聘证明，编辑对她说“永远不要往吃饭的碗里吐口水”
“我就要吐，然后把它送给你吃饭”。
When she was 22 she was already a bit of a celebrity journalist. Because she never thought of herself as just a reporter, “think of Kipling, Jack London, Hemingway, who all left the news world to become writers.”
In Iran, she tried wearing a black burka and going into a Muslims-only mosque. After doing a sketch of those praying in the forbidden zone, she sarcastically quipped, “I thought they were doing Swedish style muscle and joint exercises.” When she interviewed members of the royalty, other reporters demanded she hold a press conference. Headlines the next day read ‘She Kept the Empress Waiting‘.
But her editor let her go, because he demanded she write a satirical report of some political assembly, but she persisted in not accepting the bias. “First let me see what he has to say, and I'll write based on his speech.”
“No need”
“Fine, then I won't write it.”
Two hours later, she received a letter of dismissal. The editor said to her, “Never spit up into your meal bowl.”
“I want to vomit, and then give it to you to eat.”
四
“你就象一个愤怒的公牛”西班牙最著名的斗牛士对她说“你的问题就象那些牛角一样对着我”
采访伊朗宗教领袖霍姆尼的时候，谈到妇女不能象男人一样上学，工作，甚至不能去海滩不能穿浴衣时，她问“顺便问一句，您怎么能穿着浴袍游泳呢？”
“这不关您的事，我们的风俗习惯与您无关，如果您不喜欢伊斯兰服装您可以不穿，因为这是为正当的年青妇女准备的”
“您真是太好了，既然您这么说了，那么我马上就把这愚蠢的中世纪破布脱下来”
她扯掉为示尊重而穿上的披风，把它扔在他的脚下。
他勃然大怒，暴跳如雷地冲出房间。
她还不肯罢休“您要去哪儿？您要去方便吗？”
然后她长坐不走，连霍姆尼的儿子企求也没用，直到霍姆尼以《可兰经》的名义发誓他第二天会再次接见她，她才同意离去。
“You're just like an angry bull,” one renowned Spanish bullfighter told her. “Your questions come at me just like the horns of a bull.”
When interviewing Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini, she mentioned that unlike men, women can't go to school, work or even go to the beach without wearing a bathrobe, and smoothly asked, “how does one swim in a bathrobe?”
“That's none of your business; our customs and habits don't concern you. If you don't like Islamic dress you don't have to wear it, because it is prepared for proper young women.”
“You're too kind. Since you say so, I'm going to take this silly medieval rag off right now”
She tore off the burka she had been wearing out of respect, and threw it at his feet.
He flipped, and stormed out of the room.
She still didn't lay off. “Where ya going? Do you have to go to the bathroom?”
And then she just sat there. Even the pleas of Khomeini's son were of no use. Not until Khomeini swore on the Koran to meet her again the next day did she finally agree to leave.
“权力，它能使某些人意识到自己有权利去指挥别人或惩罚不服从者。我不理解权力，但我却理解那些反对，谴责，和拒绝接受权力的人，特别是那些反抗暴政的人”她说。
82年，她采访以色列的沙龙，指控他轰炸平民“我亲身经历了咱们这个时代所有的战争，包括8年的越战，所以我可以告诉您，即使在顺化或河内，我也没有见过像在贝鲁特发生的那么惨无人道的轰炸”
他抗辩说他的军队只轰炸了该市的巴勒斯坦解放组织基地。
她说“您不仅轰炸了那些地区，而且轰炸了闹市区—住宅，医院，报社，旅馆和大使馆，问问当时呆在那儿的人，问问当时呆在海军准旅店的记者”
当沙龙为是否轰炸伤及儿童而迟疑不决的时候，她拉开皮包，取出一张照片照片上是一群从一岁到五岁的儿童的尸体。
In 1982, she interviewed Israel's Sharon, and accused him of bombing civilians: “I've personally experienced all the wars of this generation of ours, including the eight years of the Vietnam War, and I can tell you that neither in Hue or Hanoi have I seen the kind of cruel, inhumane bombing that has taken place in Beirut.”
He answered by saying that his troops only bomb Palestine Liberation Organization bases.
She said, “not only did you bomb those regions, but you bombed downtown areas as well—residences, hospitals, newspaper offices, hotels and embassies. Just ask people who were there at the time, ask the reporters who stayed in the Marine-approved hostels.”
When Sharon started dragging his feet on answering the question as to whether he had bombed and injured children, she opened her purse and took out a photograph of a group of one- to five-year old children's corpses.
“您看，最小的孩子身上没有脚，最大的孩子失去了小胳膊，这只无主的手张开着，象在企求怜悯”
沙龙在这次采访结束时对她说“您不好对付，极难对付，但是我喜欢这次不平静的采访，因为从来没有一个人像您一样带着那么多资料来采访我，从来没一个人能像您一样只为准备一次采访而甘冒枪林弹雨”
在她采访各国元首的《风云人物采访录》里，她在前言中写了一段话
“1931年，他带我去见一些希腊抵抗运动者，我们见到的不是一座偶像，也不是一面旗帜，而是3个字母0XI，希腊文的意思是“不”。这3个字母是一些渴望自由的人在纳粹法西斯占领时期在树上写下的，30年来，这个“不”字一直保存在那里，虽然日晒雨淋也不变色，军政府的上校们曾经用石灰浆涂抹掉它。但是，像变魔术一样，雨水和阳光很快溶化了石灰，随着时间的推移，这三个字母又顽强，无视一切，和不可磨灭地重新显露出来”
After the interview concluded, Sharon said to her, “you're tough to go up against, very tough, but I liked this rough interview, because nobody has brought so much information along to interview me with as you have today; nobody has ever showed up so armed with so much prepared ammunition just for one interview”
In the preface to a compilation of her many interviews with many heads of state, she wrote:
“In 1931, he took me to see some of the people involved in the Greek resistance movement. What we saw wasn't an idol, or a flag, but just three letters: OXI, Greek for ‘No’. These three letters is what those who yearned for freedom during the time of Fascist occupation wrote on a tree. Thirty years later, this ‘No’ remains there, and despite being baked in the sun and soaked in the rain, it still hasn't faded. The military government commanders once spread lime paste to erase the word, but like magic the rain and sun quickly dissolved it and over the passing of time the three letters held strong, became more apparent, and stubbornly reappeared.”
五
“那时我5，6岁，站在床上，妈妈正给我穿一件粗羊毛内衣，衣服很小很紧，我的手搭在妈妈肩膀上，回头看见她的脸和泪水”她说。
她母亲说的话令她终生难忘“你绝不能做我现在做的事！你绝不能成为人母!成为人妻！成为一个无足轻重的奴隶！你一定要去工作！去工作！去旅行！去全世界！全世界！”她三十一岁出版的小说里，写到女主人公吉奥的母亲熨衬衣里的情景“她的泪珠滚落在熨斗上，在滚烫的金属上发出嗞嗞的声音…就仿佛它们本来就是水滴而不是泪水”
——–“从那天起，吉奥就发誓将来绝不熨烫衬衣，也绝不哭泣”。
她终生未婚。
“爱的锁链是自由最沉重的羁绊”她说。
Once when I was five or six, I was standing on the bed. Mama had just put a rough wool shirt on me, small and tight. I put my hand on mama's shoulder and turned to see tears running down her face,” she said.
What her mother said she was never able to forget. “You must not do like I have! You must not end up like your mother! Don't end up somebody's wife! Don't end up an invisible slave! You must go and find a job! Work! Travel! Go see the world! The whole world!” In the novel she published when she was thirty-one, in the scene where the heroine Gia's mother is ironing clothes, “her teardrops rolled down and dropped onto the iron, letting off a hissing sound as they touched the scalding metal…as if they were just drops of water and not tears”
——From that day on, Gia swore she would never iron clothes, nor cry.”
She never did marry.
“The shackles of love are freedom's most oppressive yoke,” she said.
六
1993年，她来到中国，在中国社科院发表演讲。人们因她曾经采访邓小平而熟悉她。
有个学习意大利语的学生站起来说“我并不是来问问题的，因为我从学会阅读起就一直读您的书，我已经知道答案了，我到这里来是为了感谢您，您教给我两件世界上最重要的事情—–勇气和自由…请您不要死，我们非常需要您”
In 1993 she came to China, and gave a lecture in the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. People knew who she was because she had once interviewed Deng Xiaoping.
One Italian language major stood up and said, “I didn't come here to ask questions, but because I've been reading your books ever since I learned how to read; I already know the the answers. I came here today to thank you. You've taught me the two most important things in the world—bravery and freedom…please don't ever die, we need you so much”
七
今天，法拉奇死去。
“没有后代而死等于死了两次，就象无花的植物，无果的树木一样可怕，这意味着永远的死亡”，她说过。
但是她写下无数文字。
“灯亮了，我听到有声音。有人在奔跑，在绝望地高呼，但是在其他地方，成千上万的孩子正在出生，成千上万的女人将成为母亲，生命不需要你，也不需要我，你已经死了，或许我也行将死去。但这没有关系，因为生命不死”——《给未出生孩子的信》
Today, Fallaci died.
“Dying without any offspring is the same as dying two deaths, just like a plant with no flowers, as terrible as a tree with no fruit. It implies an eternal death,” she said.
But she left behind countless words.
“In the light, I hear a sound. Someone is running, yelling with despair. But in other places, thousands upon thousands of children are now being born, and thousands upon thousands of women are becoming mothers. Life doesn't need you, and it doesn't need me. You're already dead, and maybe I'm about to die too. But all this doesn't matter, because life does not die.” —Letter to a Child Never Born
